Threat biases memory, stereotype disconfirmation, and perceived outgroup size.

Evidence

That is, they will be especially likely to remember negative behaviors perpetrated by outgroup members when those behaviors have been attributed to their dispositional qualities, and positive outgroup behaviors when these behaviors have been attributed to situational factors (Ybarra et al., 2000). Threat may also contribute to an increase in the stereotype disconfirmation bias, in which outgroup stereotypes are thought to be more difficult to disconfirm than ingroup stereotypes (Ybarra, Stephan, Schaberg, & Lawrence, 2003), and the overestimation bias, in which the size of the outgroup is judged to be bigger than it really is (Gallagher, 2003). — Walter G. Stephan, Oscar Ybarra, Kimberly Rios Morrison, Intergroup Threat Theory, 17

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Memory about animals is biased toward over-reporting danger. — Joseph Henrich, The Secret of Our Success: How Culture…, 1160; Negative stereotypes both accompany intergroup threats and independently predict outgroup attitudes — Blake M. Riek, Eric W. Mania, and Samuel L. Gaertner, Intergroup Threat and Outgroup…, 127

Related

• Threat amplifies attribution biases that exonerate ingroups and damn outgroups (similarity 0.84)
• Negative stereotypes cause threat rather than being a distinct threat type themselves. (similarity 0.83)
• Threat amplifies the ultimate attribution error in intergroup perception. (similarity 0.83)
• Threat-driven cognitive biases facilitate and justify intergroup violence (similarity 0.83)
• Positive stereotypes may also induce perceived threat (similarity 0.82)
• Similarity of an outgroup raises bias only among highly identified ingroup members. (similarity 0.81)
• Perceived threat amplifies both in-group favoritism and out-group hostility (similarity 0.81)
• Cross-group friendship and empathy reduce the threat behind intergroup bias. (similarity 0.81)
• Negative stereotypes both accompany intergroup threats and independently predict outgroup attitudes (similarity 0.81)
• Four threat types explain 36 percent of variance in outgroup attitudes (similarity 0.81)
• Memory about animals is biased toward over-reporting danger. (similarity 0.80)
• Intergroup threat and negative outgroup attitudes relate bidirectionally, not one-way. (similarity 0.80)
• Threatened groups deny outgroups distinctively human emotions (similarity 0.80)
• Different threat types may yield different behavioral responses beyond attitudes. (similarity 0.80)
• Threats can increase ingroup identification, not merely follow from it (similarity 0.80)