Thirteenth-century chroniclers updated ninth-century reconquest ideology for new conquests.

Evidence

In the previous centuries, various chroniclers (particularly those connected with León) had indeed continued to proffer the ideology of Gothic reconquest first elaborated by the Asturian chroniclers of the ninth centuries (see chapter 4). The twelfth-century sculptures of the Church of San Isidro pit Sarah and Isaac against Hagar and a turbaned archer Ishmael; they present the bishop Isidore alongside an armed soldier, as if a patron of Christian reconquest. But it is the three thirteenth-century chroniclers who clearly redefine this ideology to explain and justify the conquests of the thirteenth century. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 936

Categorization

• XREF: Shows the reconquest ideology as a living, continuously revised genealogy spanning four centuries — parallels how the vault’s modern Islamophobic claims descend from a mutable medieval repertoire.
• SEED: Possible angle: the church sculpture pitting Sarah/Isaac against Hagar/Ishmael as a material genealogy of anti-Muslim typology — biblically-coded Islamophobia carved into stone.