Thirteenth-century Canon law tolerated Jews and Muslims but denied status to heretics

Evidence

There is a tension between the association of Islam with heresy (in the Estoria de España and in many theological tracts and chronicles) and the attribution to Muslims of a subservient but tolerated legal status equivalent to that accorded to Jews—a status that thirteenth-century canon law accords to both Jews and Muslims but denies to heretics. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 991

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the reader’s interest in how legal categories shape social standing — parallels the Law Merchant and social capital readings. — connects to: Catholic canon law defines a heretic as necessarily baptised — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 2274
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 991