The useful-man formula squared African exclusion from citizenship with French universalism

Evidence

En faire des hommes made amply clear once again that Dakar did not believe Africans should become fully French. But the same expression suggested an alternative identity for Africans that remained consistent with the universalism of France’s revolutionary heritage. Although they would not grow up to be French citizens, they would become part of something just as admirable: the fraternity of productive men. — Alice L. Conklin, A Mission to Civilize_ The Republican…, 472

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: the MOC “The Republic’s Impossible Embrace: How Universalism Turned Algeria from the Future of France into Its Undoing”