The US made nineteen land expropriations in Panama between 1908 and 1931.

Evidence

In Panama between 1908 and 1931 the United States carried out nineteen distinct land expropriations around the Panama Canal Zone, using the land to create not only the canal itself but also fourteen bases. In the Philippines, meanwhile, Clark Air Base and other U.S. bases were built on land previously occupied by the indigenous Aetas people. According to the anthropologist Katherine McCaffrey, “they ended up combing military trash to survive.” — David Vine, Base Nation_ How U.S. Military Bases…, 198