The Tyler administration opened sixty-nine Chinese ports to US forces and trade

Evidence

In 1842, President John Tyler grew interested in establishing Pacific naval bases, and within two years, the country had opened up five Chinese ports to U.S. trade and military forces with the help of one of the many European and American “unequal treaties” imposed on China. Two base experts explain that although the treaties did not officially create bases, “they guaranteed forward access to US naval vessels, and enabled the Navy to purchase and establish warehouse facilities in any” of the ports. In total, the Tyler administration opened sixty-nine ports to U.S. military forces and trade. — David Vine, Base Nation_ How U.S. Military Bases…, 64

Categorization

• XREF: Treaty-based forward access without formally designated bases foreshadows modern status-of-forces access arrangements discussed elsewhere in the book.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — David Vine, Base Nation_ How U.S. Military Bases…, 64