The twentieth century opened with the scramble for Africa and imperialist competition

Evidence

France played a very small part in the twentieth century, which started, immediately after Disraeli’s death, with the scramble for Africa and the competition for imperialist domination in Europe. Her decline, therefore, caused partly by die economic expansion of other nations, and partly by internal disintegration, could assume forms and follow laws which seemed inherent in the nation-state. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 253

Categorization

• XREF: Imperialism as the watershed of the 20th century is the pivot Arendt’s later chapters build on; relevant to how colonial psychology enters the Islamophobia toolkit.