The term minzu fuses nation, ethnicity, and race into one concept

Evidence

It is not suggested here that race was the only significant form of identity available in China, but that notions of ethnicity, nation, and race have often been conflated in the politics of nationalism. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3358 (#expands, via linked claim)

Race may be thought of as the social or cultural significance assigned to or assumed in physical or biological markers of human beings, including the presumed physical or physiognomic markers of cultural attributes, habits, or behavior. Nation, by contrast, is the significance of cultural markers as assumed or assigned (imagined) indicators of common originary belonging, where race (or ethnicity, as cultural socialization) might be one of those (imagined) markers assigned significance or dominance in picking out members. Where this is so, race and nation overlap, more or less isomorphically. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1714 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Milton M. Gordon (1988) argued that “the term ‘ethnic group’ is broad enough to include racial groups.” The inclusive quality of the term “ethnic group” becomes apparent in usage, for “all races, whatever cautious and flexible term we shall give to the term, are ethnic groups. But all ethnic groups, as conventionally defined, are not races” (1988:119). Ironically, it is thus the more inclusive quality of “ethnicity” that separates it somewhat from “race.” Gordon specifically states it: “The larger phenomenon, then, is not race but ethnicity which, as a sociological concept, includes race” (p. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 698 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Chinese nationalism was built on an imagined equation of nation and race — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3319; Race marks physical traits while nation marks imagined shared origins. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1714; Ethnicity is the encompassing concept that includes race — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 698 (+5 more)

Broader Connections

• Chinese nationalism has persistently conflated ethnicity, nation, and race #expands (0.92) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3358
• Race marks physical traits while nation marks imagined shared origins. #complicates (0.82) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1714
• Ethnicity is the encompassing concept that includes race #complicates (0.80) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 698
• Conceptions of ethnicity evolved separately from categories of race #complicates (0.80) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 642