The term anti-Semitism narrowed to target Jews while excluding Arab Muslims

Evidence

In ethnological parlance, the Semitic and Hamitic races were classified as a family of people who spoke Afro-Asian languages. Yet between the cracks of this ethnological explanation also lurks a relationship to Islam. This is evident in explanations that emerged in the nineteenth century. In the case of the Semitic race, Arabs and Jews began to be disarticulated so that by the twentieth century, ”anti–Semitism” referred specifically to anti–Jewish racism and excluded racism directed toward Arab Christians and Muslims. — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims, 217

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to how racial categories get redefined by political need; parallels the reader’s work on moral panics and how labels shift meaning over time.