The study’s coding scheme distinguished self-driven exits from successful interventions

Evidence

The codebook consisted of four main sections that follow a chronological perspective: radicalization pathway (i.e., the process by which a focal individual radicalized alone or was radicalized by others; it included two codes: warning signs and deliberate pursuit of an organization or messaging); experience in the organization (i.e., details about how an individual operated in the organization, with two codes: radical activities and radicalization impact); deradicalization pathway (i.e., the process by which a focal individual deradicalized alone or with help from others; it comprised ten codes, such as self-driven exit, successful interventions, and activism); and practice and policy recommendations (i.e., suggestions for practical solutions for preventing radicalization, precipitating deradicalization, and providing support after deradicalization; it included six codes, such as preventing radicalization, strategic communication, support groups, and mental health care). We also had a set of 45 floating descriptive codes that could be applied anywhere along the radicalization-deradicalization continuum, including turning point, missed opportunities, personal characteristics, shifts in social network, and community context. — Ryan Andrew Brown, Todd C. Helmus, Rajeev Ramchand, Alina I. Palimaru, Sarah Weilant, Ashley L. Rhoades, and Liisa Hiatt (RAND Corporation), Violent Extremism in America, 276

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: The study skipped formal intercoder reliability checks for time reasons — Ryan Andrew Brown, Todd C. Helmus, Rajeev Ramchand, Alina I. Palimaru, Sarah Weilant, Ashley L. Rhoades, and Liisa Hiatt (RAND Corporation), Violent Extremism in America:…, 276; Stopping extremism and abandoning its beliefs are distinct forms of exit — Ryan Andrew Brown, Todd C. Helmus, Rajeev Ramchand, Alina I. Palimaru, Sarah Weilant, Ashley L. Rhoades, and Liisa Hiatt (RAND Corporation), Violent Extremism in America:…, 189