The Somali process met all three definitional criteria for democracy

Evidence

Unlike the position in many other evolving African territories, in Somalia political advancement proceeded in step with the replacement of expatriate by Somali officials in the civil service and police. There was thus a smooth and regular devolution of authority in both the administrative and political spheres at the same pace of advancement. — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 386 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Pastoral Somali governance is democratic almost to the point of anarchy — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 66; Somali pastoral democracy trained every man as a skilled politician; Somali politics and administration advanced in step — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 386 (+6 more)

Related

• Somali pastoral democracy trained every man as a skilled politician (similarity 0.90)
• Somali politics and administration advanced in step (similarity 0.88)
• Pastoral Somali governance is democratic almost to the point of anarchy (similarity 0.85)
• Osman credited democratic rule and tribal equilibrium for Somalia’s post-coup stability (similarity 0.84)
• Africa saw twenty coups before 1969 while Somalia stayed democratic (similarity 0.83)
• Somali pastoral society governs democratically without hierarchical chiefs (similarity 0.83)
• By 1966 Somalia was the only country preserving liberal parliamentary democracy (similarity 0.82)
• Somali nationalism drew strength from a democratic pastoral political tradition (similarity 0.82)
• Somalia’s early republic met the three standard criteria for democratic rule (similarity 0.82)
• Military regime showed uncharacteristic moderation on Somali nationalism for years (similarity 0.80)
• Somali leaders of the 1960s offered a democratic countermodel to Africa’s personal rulers. (similarity 0.80)
• Somalia’s early democratic practice differed from other African leaders in its systematic nature (similarity 0.80)
• Somalia’s political parties lacked organizational discipline despite popular democratic enthusiasm. (similarity 0.79)
• By 1969 Somalia was Africa’s most politically stable democratic state (similarity 0.79)
• The 1964 parliament election was judged the fairest in Somali history (similarity 0.79)

Broader Connections

• Somali pastoral society governs democratically without hierarchical chiefs #corroborates (0.50)
• Osman credited democratic rule and tribal equilibrium for Somalia’s post-coup stability #corroborates (0.40)
• Somali politics and administration advanced in step #corroborates (0.30) — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 386
• Electoral reform and floor-crossing reduced Somalia to a one-party state #complicates (0.30)