The SA seized Horkheimer’s house the day Hitler became Chancellor

Evidence

On Monday, 30 January 1933, President Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor. Up to that point he had refused to do so, referring explicitly to the danger of a Nazi one-party dictatorship. On the very same day, apparently, the house in which Horkheimer and Pollock lived in Kronberg was occupied by the SA (Nazi storm-troops) and converted into a barracks. Horkheimer and his wife had been warned, and at this point were already living in a hotel near the railway station in Frankfurt. For the remainder of the semester, Horkheimer arranged to be chauffeured from his apartment in Geneva once a week to his lectures at the university in Frankfurt. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 510

On Monday, 30 January 1933, President Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor. Up to that point he had refused to do so, referring explicitly to the danger of a Nazi one-party dictatorship. On the very same day, apparently, the house in which Horkheimer and Pollock lived in Kronberg was occupied by the SA (Nazi storm-troops) and converted into a barracks. Horkheimer and his wife had been warned, and at this point were already living in a hotel near the railway station in Frankfurt. For the remainder of the semester, Horkheimer arranged to be chauffeured from his apartment in Geneva once a week to his lectures at the university in Frankfurt. In the few remaining weeks of the semester, the concept of freedom was the only thing he discussed in his `Introduction to Philosophy’ course. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 510

Categorization

• XREF: The same-day seizure and Horkheimer’s exit to Geneva foreshadows the Institute’s exile history; dovetails with the reader’s exhaustive institutional-history purpose.
• SEED: The detail that freedom was the only concept Horkheimer taught in his final weeks in Germany is a striking biographical angle for an essay on Critical Theory confronting fascism.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 510