The religious-versus-secular millennialism dichotomy no longer holds.

Evidence

A tacit consensus thus developed, at least in academic quarters, about the idea of two streams of millenarian beliefs, one fl owing from religious traditions and the other from secular thought. This division provided a handy classifi catory schema, especially for Western history, which seemed to move from an age of religious struggles to one of ideological warfare. This simple schema, however, does not work well any longer. … The reason has little to do with the relative health of religious and secular millennialism. Both have fl ourished. Although it was once believed that forces for secularization would inevitably marginalize religion, the last three or four decades of the twentieth century demonstrated the vitality of many religious traditions. — Michael Barkun, A Culture of Conspiracy, 131

Categorization

• QUESTION: Why exactly does the two-stream schema fail? Barkun gestures at religious revival but the loading structural reason comes later in the chapter.
• XREF: connects to: Marxism and Nazism functioned as secular forms of millennialism. — Michael Barkun, A Culture of Conspiracy: Apocalyptic…, 127; The narrative of progress from religious to secular is now untenable — Talal Asad, Formations of the Secular:…, 17; Twentieth-century elites assumed modernization would eliminate religion entirely — Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the…, 260 (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• The narrative of progress from religious to secular is now untenable #corroborates (0.95) — Talal Asad, Formations of the Secular, 17
• The religious and secular are not essentially fixed categories. #corroborates (0.90) — Talal Asad, Formations of the Secular, 103
• Modernization theory falsely assumed religion would wither away. #corroborates (0.90)
• Twentieth-century elites assumed modernization would eliminate religion entirely #corroborates (0.85) — Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the…, 260
• Modernization itself drives rather than kills religious revival #corroborates (0.85) — Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the…, 265
• Secular institutions, atheist prevalence, and religiosity decline reinforce each other in a self-amplifying loop #complicates (0.75) — Norenzayan, Ara, Big gods - how religion transformed…, 315