The past century’s chief jury reform was making juries more representative

Evidence

The greatest change in the American jury over the last century was the creation of more representative juries through inclusion of previously excluded groups, such as African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and ~ women. — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 1418

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the course’s concern with equality and fairness in legal institutions. — connects to: Diversity improves deliberations partly by making White jurors work harder; Diverse juries produce fewer but more thoughtful juror responses; Missing minority jurors changes jury deliberation beyond just verdict discrimination — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law: A Definitive Look at…, 842 (+9 more)

Broader Connections

• Racially diverse juries both reduce bias and improve decision quality #corroborates (1.00) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 916
• The jury evolved from self-informing locals into disinterested evidence-weighers #corroborates (1.00) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 1405
• Diversity improves deliberations partly by making White jurors work harder #expands (0.95)
• Merely believing juries are racially diverse changes how jurors deliberate #corroborates (0.92) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 906
• Diverse juries produce fewer but more thoughtful juror responses #expands (0.90)
• Merely believing a jury is diverse makes White jurors self-regulate more and speak less #corroborates (0.90) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 906
• Individual juror decisions do not simply aggregate into deliberating jury outcomes #complicates (0.85) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 913
• Early nineteenth-century courts reassigned the jury from community law-maker to fact-finder. #corroborates (0.85) — Lawrence M. Friedman, A History of American Law, 855
• Juries convict more leniently than judges would in criminal cases #expands (0.85) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 891
• Missing minority jurors changes jury deliberation beyond just verdict discrimination #complicates (0.80) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 842
• Community sentiment still shapes jury verdicts despite narrowed jury authority #expands (0.80) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 1415
• Voter-roll sourcing skews jury pools toward higher socioeconomic status #complicates (0.75) — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 881