The Madrid and London bombings triggered spikes in anti-Muslim violence

Evidence

Both Spain and Britain witnessed a rise in anti-Muslim incidents following the bombings. Long-term data on racially motivated crimes against Muslims does not exist in Spain, but information provided by the director of the National Police Force and the director of the Civil Guard for the period from January 2004 to May 2005 indicates a rise in Islamophobic incidents after 11-M. Examples of more egregious incidents include vandalism of mosques, a violent assault on a Muslim woman wearing a headscarf, the murder of a Moroccan pedestrian by a automobile driver, and the murder of a Moroccan farm laborer. — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 400

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Publicized negative episodes reliably spike anti-Muslim violence — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 597; Terror attacks spark vigilante violence against perceived Muslims endorsed by state policy — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 134; Trump’s anti-Muslim rhetoric increased American hostility toward Muslims. — Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Global…, 261 (+7 more)

Broader Connections

• Publicized negative episodes reliably spike anti-Muslim violence #corroborates (0.80) — Green, Todd H, The Fear of Islam_ An Introduction to…, 597
• Terror attacks spark vigilante violence against perceived Muslims endorsed by state policy #expands (0.75) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 134
• Trump’s anti-Muslim rhetoric increased American hostility toward Muslims. #expands (0.65) — Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Global…, 261
• Each terrorist attack resets Muslims into heightened suspicion and surveillance #expands (0.60) — , Selod, Saher - Forever Suspect_…, 666