The Latin hostis originally meant stranger before meaning public enemy

Evidence

Hostis. In ancient language (Twelve Tables) this was syn. with peregrinus = a stranger. Later hostis = the enemy with whom Rome was at war. “Hostes are those against whom we (the Roman people) have publicly declared war or those who have done so against us.” The earlier term for an enemy was perduellis. Hostiswas also used of an individual, citizen or stranger, who was declared to be an enemy of the state by a statute or by the senate. He might be killed on Roman territory by any citizen with full impunity. — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab, 382

Categorization

• DEFINE: The etymology of hostis-fusing stranger and enemy-is foundational to Anidjar’s claim that enmity and foreignness are conceptually interchangeable categories.
• XREF: Directly relevant to Carl Schmitt’s friend/enemy distinction in The Concept of the Political, which the present argument about sovereignty and hostility extends.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab: A History of the…, 382