The Horkheimer circle had shrunk to four insiders by the mid-1940s

Evidence

In the mid-1940s the words Horkheimer circle' referred to four people, each of whom had a special relationship with Horkheimer: Pollock, a faithful partner in the interior’ and co-director of the Institute; Adorno, a faithful partner in work on theory; Lowenthal, a faithful assistant for a variety of purposes; and Weil, a loyal patron. The process of separation and estrangement from the others became irreversible. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1636

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: The émigré Institute had shrunk to a vestige by 1944 — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 1564