The federal mortgage agency supplied model racial covenants to developers until 1948.
Evidence
Many predominantly white neighborhoods and new developments in areas deemed “safe” for mortgages were bound by covenants that prohibited sales to black homebuyers. Such covenants were legal (and upheld by the Supreme Court) until 1948; the FHA underwriting manual even provided a sample covenant to developers. — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 1230
Categorization
- ADDENDUM: Parallels the grafting/trees infrastructure piece’s theme of seeming-neutral built systems carrying embedded policy choices — here the FHA manual encoded segregation into the postwar built landscape.
- SEED: The detail that FHA literally provided sample covenant language is a strong exhibit for an essay or talk on how ‘neutral’ federal programs scripted private discrimination.