The EU shifted aid to bottom-up decentralized development after UN failure.

Evidence

Meanwhile, the European Union had embarked on a policy of encouraging decentralized development which recognized achievements in reestablishing functioning local communities (‘recovery zones’ in the arcane jargon of U.N. and other development agencies). This favoured a ‘bottom-up’ (or ‘building block’) approach rather than the top-down, centralized, hierarchical model that had failed so dismally in the former Somalia and in U.N.O.S.O.M.’s calculations. In addition to channelling aid to districts and regions (such as Somaliland and the north-east) where there was peace and spontaneous civic regeneration, the European Union sponsored a series of studies and conferences in and outside Somalia to discuss forms of decentralized government which might suit local conditions. — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 654

Categorization

• DEFINE: Introduces the ‘bottom-up’ / ‘building block’ approach and ‘recovery zones’ jargon that structured post-UNOSOM aid policy.
• XREF: Somaliland’s prior success inversely prefigured this decentralist turn.