The Dreyfus Affair birthed Zionism as the sole Jewish political answer to antisemitism

Evidence

Thus closes the only episode in which the subterranean forces of the nineteenth century enter the full light of recorded history. The only visible result was that it gave birth to the Zionist movement—the only political answer Jews have ever found to antisemitism and the only ideology in which they have ever taken seriously a hostility that would place them in the center of world events. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 337

Categorization

• DEFINE: Arendt’s definition of Zionism as the one ideology that took antisemitism seriously as political force — a counterintuitive framing worth carrying forward.
• QUESTION: What does ‘subterranean forces of the nineteenth century’ refer to in her framework — the bubbling antisemitism that surfaces only episodically?