The dediticii exclusion hypothesis lacks strong independent evidence and citizenship shifted toward legal universalism

Evidence

‘Constitutio Antoniniana’ in OCD, 5th ed. (Oxford Classical Dictionary via Academia.edu)

Categorization

• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim
• XREF: connects to: Caracalla extended Roman citizenship to nearly all free imperial inhabitants — Stephen Kershaw, A Brief History of the Roman Empire, 1237; Narrow concepts of legal validity fail to prevent official abuse of power — HLA Hart, The Concept of Law (Clarendon Law…, 502; Assimile legal status was never defined because defining it would grant unintended rights (+1 more)

Related

• Roman citizenship remained non-universal after 212, excluding slaves, Junian Latins, dediticii, and barbarians (similarity 0.81)
• Caracalla extended Roman citizenship to nearly all free imperial inhabitants (similarity 0.81)
• Caracalla granted citizenship to nearly all free inhabitants except the small group of dediticii (similarity 0.80)

Broader Connections

• Narrow concepts of legal validity fail to prevent official abuse of power #complicates (0.35) — HLA Hart, The Concept of Law (Clarendon Law…, 502