The dead persist only through the survivor’s freedom that carries them

Evidence

Thus concrete objects which have disappeared are past in so far as they form a part of the concrete past of a survivor. “The terrible thing about Death,” said Malraux, “is that it transforms life into Destiny.” By this we must understand that death reduces the for-itself-for-others to the state of simple for-others. Today I alone am responsible for the being of the dead Pierre, I in my freedom. Those dead who have not been able to be saved and transported to the boundaries of the concrete past of a survivor are not past; they along with their pasts are annihilated. — Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness, 419

Categorization

  • XREF: Connects to Beauvoir’s ethics of responsibility toward the dead and to the for-others structure foundational to her work. — connects to: Only the dead remain permanent objects, never revealing themselves as subjects — Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness: An Essay on…, 797; At death a life becomes an in-itself whose meaning only others sustain. — Jean-Paul Sartre, Being and Nothingness: An Essay on…, 63; Individual freedom is achieved only through the freedom of others — Simone de Beauvoir, The Ethics of Ambiguity, 144 (+2 more)
  • DEFINE: Defines the for-itself-for-others relation in terms of death reducing it to simple for-others.

Broader Connections