The crusade era demoted Jews to a subset of unbelievers

Evidence

“Instead of the sole active, readily visible non-Christians in Christian experience, the Jews now became a subset of a larger class of unbelievers, and this eventually upset their position in Christian thought,” Cohen, Living Letters, 156. — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab, 907

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the chapter’s broader arc on Muslims displacing Jews as the primary ‘enemy’ category in Christian thought, and to prior discussions of Jews as the paradigmatic theological enemy.