The bourgeoisie’s alliance with the mob destroyed the nation-state it needed

Evidence

During the imperialist period neither the state nor the bourgeoisie won a decisive victory. National institutions resisted throughout the brutality and megalomania of imperialist aspirations, and bourgeois attempts to use the state and its instruments of violence for its own economic purposes were always only half successful. This changed when the German bourgeoisie staked everything on the Hitler movement and aspired to rule with the help of the mob, but then it turned out to be too late. The bourgeoisie succeeded in destroying the nation-state but won a Pyrrhic victory; the mob proved quite capable of taking care of politics by itself and liquidated the bourgeoisie along with all other classes and institutions. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 339

Categorization

• XREF: The ‘mob’ category and the Pyrrhic victory mechanism connects to the reader’s framework where mass exclusion becomes possible once an unruly element is unleashed against established institutions.