The Bolling sons fared worse than daughters absent the father’s business

Evidence

Of the seven siblings—Louis, Elmore Jr., Willie D, Robert, Mary Magdalene, Morris, and Josephine—only Josephine, the youngest of the Bolling children, managed to earn a college degree. A college education isn’t the sole marker of financial or social stability, but for the Bollings, as for most families, those with more education fared better; the men struggled the most, primarily working as low-paid laborers. — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 915