The 1973 oil crisis accidentally turned temporary guestworkers into settled communities

Evidence

The 1973 oil crisis led to a halt in labor recruitment. Governments expected the “guestworkers” to depart, but instead a phase of family reunion and settlement set in. Lower immigration rates allowed a demographic normalization: family reunion took place, new families were formed, and the original immigrants aged. Community formation took place, and education and welfare authorities slowly began to respond to new needs (Castles et al. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3863

Categorization

• XREF: Echoes the guestworker dynamics in The Reluctant Fundamentalist — temporary migration regimes that become permanent settlement. — connects to: Employer cost incentives quietly converted temporary guest workers into permanent residents — Manuel Borutta and Jan C. Jansen, Vertriebene and Pieds-Noirs in Postwar…, 200