The 1919 American Communist movement was overwhelmingly immigrant and non-English-speaking

Evidence

The most startling and significant aspect of the American Communist movement in 1919 was its national composition. For the Communist party, the Russian members represented almost 25 per cent of the total, and the entire East-European membership accounted for over 75 per cent. The English-speaking members represented only 7 per cent with the Michigan group and 4 per cent without it. Though the percentage of English-speaking members was higher in the Communist Labor party, it could not have been very high if 90 per cent of both parties came from the foreign-language federations. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 2228

The most startling and significant aspect of the American Communist movement in 1919 was its national composition. For the Communist party, the Russian members represented almost 25 per cent of the total, and the entire East-European membership accounted for over 75 per cent. The English-speaking members represented only 7 per cent with the Michigan group and 4 per cent without it. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 2228

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the broader thesis arc of Black Marxism: the American left being immigrant-dominated explains why Black radicalism grew outside orthodox communism. Also ties to the reader’s goal of understanding the radical tradition’s rise outside European labor frameworks.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 2228