The 1866 treaties forced slaveholding Native nations to emancipate and enfranchise Black captives.

Evidence

In the aftermath of the war, the United States initiated a new set of treaty negotiations with the slaveholding Native nations, which collectively held captive approximately eight thousand Black people. The series of Reconstruction agreements that resulted, known as the 1866 treaties, compelled these nations to free the enslaved among them, to accept freedpeople as citizens with political rights in these nations, and to allow railroad development in their territories. Not every nation agreed, and even those who did promise equal rights to the formerly enslaved and their descendants did not fully live up to that vow. — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 507

Categorization

• XREF: Extends the Reconstruction-as-negotiation theme the reader is tracking as a case study, here applied to Native nations rather than Southern states.