Systematic theological anti-Islam polemic emerged only under Muslim rule

Evidence

Yet Alvarus and his fellow apologists (Eulogius, Speraindeo) were the first Spanish Christians, it seems, to attack Islam theologically and to give it a clear (and negative) place in the divine plan. Earlier Spanish Christian writers described the Muslim conquest of Spain without coming to terms with it: they had even less to say than Bede about why God would permit the stunning Saracen military successes. Spanish chroniclers of the eighth century simply described the conquest without explanation, as if unable to comprehend why God should will it to happen. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 461

Categorization

• XREF: Grounds the vault claim that anti-Islamic discourse is a product of specific power relations (dhimmi Christians under Muslim rule) rather than diffuse Western ignorance — links to Aziz/Razack on discourse emerging from contact and subordination.