Surveys can name a candidate and ask which emotions that person evoked in respondents.

Evidence

The first is the familiar American National Election Studies (ANES) panel of 1980, with interviews taken in January, June, and October. The second, a commercial survey, represents the views of Missourians during the 1988 presidential cam-paign in a series of three cross sections taken during June, July, and October. We are fortunate in that the ANES staff included seven emotional response items in the 1980 panel, eliciting a variety of emotional responses. In each wave, respondents were asked: “I am going to name a political figure, and I want you to tell me whether that person, or something he has done has made you have certain feelings like ‘anger’ or ‘pride,’ or others I will mention. — John T. Jost and Jim Sidanius, Political Psychology, 1672

Categorization

• DEFINE: Documents the exact wording of the ANES emotional-response measurement instrument.