Survey data can validate neurophysiological theory despite weak causal control

Evidence

Our evidence carries weight because it confirms and extends an already-established theoretical view. We here rely on survey interviews about presidential candidates, a data source with well-known strengths and weaknesses. The data allow neither experimental control over the emotional stimuli nor subtle analyses of cause and effect. At best, we know the broad outlines and too little of the details or complexities. Yet we are able to show that a theory grounded in neurophysiology and in psychology can be usefully applied in the realm of politics. — John T. Jost and Jim Sidanius, Political Psychology, 1739

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: the MOC “The Enemy-Making Machine: Ours, True, and the Identity That Defends Both”