Subordinate-on-dominant lethal violence is punished more harshly than other race pairings

Evidence

The Second Law-of-Law posits that acts of lethal violence by subordinates against dominants will be regarded as particularly threatening and heinous and consequently tend to be punished particularly harshly. This hypothesis is sometimes also known as the Out-of-Place Principle (Sidanius, Levin, & Pratto, 1998). Perhaps the best evidence for the Second Law-of-Law can be found in a carefully controlled study of the likelihood of being condemned to death across 600 death-eligible cases in Philadelphia between 1983 and 1993. — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law, 70

Categorization

• DEFINE: Introduces the Second Law-of-Law / Out-of-Place Principle as a named conceptual framework.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Joseph Avery, Jim Sidanius, Joel Cooper, Gregory Davis, Amanda N., Bias in the Law: A Definitive Look at…, 70