Statistical results can be driven entirely by the ignored comparison pole

Evidence

In this example the background discussions make it clear that the gray zone is contrasted with the concepts on either side of it. However, there might be situations (more common in my intuition) where the contrast is mostly in one direction. In this setting the statistical results are not informative at all. It could be the not-of-interest pole that is driving the results. — Gary Goertz, Social Science Concepts and Measurement, 1165

Categorization

• QUESTION: How would one test whether the not-of-interest pole is producing an observed gray-zone effect?