States missing exactly one necessary condition become de jure or de facto states.

Evidence

For example, if there are three necessary conditions for a “state” then one has gray zone states when one but not all of the necessary conditions is missing. If the territorial-control defining feature is missing then it becomes a de jure state. If the state has effective control but not does have international recognition (usually United Nations membership) then it becomes a de facto state. All of these cases missing one necessary condition end up in the gray zone. — Gary Goertz, Social Science Concepts and Measurement, 1067

Categorization

• DEFINE: Distinguishes de jure from de facto states by which single necessary condition (territorial control vs. international recognition) is absent.
• XREF: Connects to reading on Somalia’s unrecognized independence and Somaliland’s unrecognized statehood, plus World of Strangers’ stranger classifications.