State investigations and legal findings against Google spanned twelve countries by 2012.

Evidence

By 2012, there were multiple investigations in twelve countries, including most of Europe, the North Atlantic, and Australia, and Google had been found guilty of violating laws in at least nine countries. — Shoshana Zuboff, The Age of Surveillance Capitalism, 453

Categorization

• QUESTION: The trajectory from these findings to Google’s current-scale dominance is worth tracing — did these rulings actually constrain behavior at all, or were fines effectively licensing fees?