State constitutional policymaking is shaped by horizontal and vertical court interactions.

Evidence

The litigation over school finance and same-sex marriage shows how constitutional policymaking involves state supreme courts and other institutions of state government. State supreme courts’ interactions with federal courts and supreme courts in other states, however, are also crucial to state constitutional policymaking. — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 3368

Categorization

• XREF: Frames the ‘dialogue between courts’ model used throughout the chapter — links to the litigation/backlash literature.