Stalinism and Nazism together destroyed the avant-garde

Evidence

But if Weimar Germany saw the development of one of the most important avant-garde movements, it was also the scene where the hopes of all these movements were dashed. The defeat of the German Revolution, only finally accomplished after the suppression of the abortive Communist insurrection of October 1923, unleashed two counter-revolutionary processes: on the one hand, the consolidation, under the pressure of a hostile international environment, of a bureaucratic state-capitalist regime in the USSR; on the other, in the climate of social crisis created by the Great Depression, the victory of fascism in Germany. Between them Stalinism and Nazism destroyed the avant garde. — Alex Callinicos, Against Postmodernism, 252

The defeat of the German Revolution, only finally accomplished after the suppression of the abortive Communist insurrection of October 1923, unleashed two counter-revolutionary processes: on the one hand, the consolidation, under the pressure of a hostile international environment, of a bureaucratic state-capitalist regime in the USSR; on the other, in the climate of social crisis created by the Great Depression, the victory of fascism in Germany. Between them Stalinism and Nazism destroyed the avant garde. — Alex Callinicos, Against Postmodernism, 252

Categorization

• QUESTION: The claim that the failed German Revolution of 1923 directly unleashed both Stalinist consolidation and fascism is a strong causal chain worth probing — how much weight does Callinicos put on this single suppression?
• XREF: Pays off the reader’s broader Marxist frame and connects to the chapter’s thesis against postmodernism: avant-garde destruction is causally tied to political counter-revolutions, not cultural drift. — connects to: Stalin’s and Hitler’s victories destroyed the interwar revolutionary avant-gardes — Perry Anderson, The Origins of Postmodernity, 216; Elite avant-garde rejection of liberal hypocrisy enabled attraction to totalitarian movements; Modernism emerged from a specific industrial-capitalist conjuncture that postwar capitalism destroyed — Alex Callinicos, Against Postmodernism: A Marxist…, 562 (+5 more)
• corroborated: 4 independent passages support this claim — Alex Callinicos, Against Postmodernism: A Marxist…, 252

Broader Connections

• Stalin’s and Hitler’s victories destroyed the interwar revolutionary avant-gardes #corroborates (0.95) — Perry Anderson, The Origins of Postmodernity, 216
• Modernism emerged from a specific industrial-capitalist conjuncture that postwar capitalism destroyed #expands (0.75) — Alex Callinicos, Against Postmodernism, 562
• Avant-garde death followed the loss of the anticipated revolution #expands (0.74) — Alex Callinicos, Against Postmodernism, 253
• The neo-avant-garde completed the original avant-garde project by attacking art institutions #complicates (0.73) — Perry Anderson, The Origins of Postmodernity, 253
• Elite avant-garde rejection of liberal hypocrisy enabled attraction to totalitarian movements #complicates (0.72)
• Avant-garde elites aligned with totalitarian mobs despite persecution of artists #corroborates (0.72) — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 796