Spanish persecution of conversos shows race-like ideology existed before modern racism

Evidence

In theory, if not always in practice, Jews could escape persecution in the medieval period by conversion (although the suspicion and later persecution of the converses in Spain from the fourteenth century indicates the existence of a protoracist ideology). — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 503

Categorization

• XREF: Conversos as protoracist case connects to the broader scholarly debate this chapter is presenting about when racism proper begins. — connects to: Spain’s blood purity laws constitute an early biological racism — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 728