Social reproduction requires non-economic institutions like family and schools.

Evidence

The reproduction of labor-power through the wage requires the family ; the reproduction of advanced skills and techniques requires the education system ; the “reproduction of the submission to the ruling ideology” requires the cultural institutions , the church and the mass media , the political apparatuses and the overall management of the state, which, in advanced capitalism, increasingly takes all these other, “non-productive” apparatuses into its terrain. Since the state is the structure which ensures that this “social reproduction” is carried through (a) with the consent of the whole society, since the state is understood as “neutral,” above class interests, and (b) in the long-term interests of the continued hegemony of capital and of the ruling class bloc, Althusser calls all the apparatuses involved in this process (whether or not they are strictly organized by the state) “ideological state apparatuses.” — Hall, Stuart, Essential Essays, Volume 1, 909

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines Althusser’s concept of ideological state apparatuses (ISAs) as all institutions that reproduce labor-power and ruling-ideology submission.
• XREF: Connects to Gramsci’s hegemony concept and to my broader reading on how consent is manufactured in capitalist societies.
• SEED: Angle: how modern gig-work platforms outsource social reproduction costs to workers’ families and personal networks, bypassing ISAs entirely.