Slavery treated Black people as persons only when punishing crimes

Evidence

American slavery evolved into a perverse regime that denied the humanity of Black people while criminalizing their actions. Bondage itself was only one part of the system; the myth of racial difference and a belief in white supremacy were another. As the Supreme Court of Alabama explained in an 1861 ruling, enslaved Black people were “capable of committing crimes,” and in that capacity were “regarded as persons,” but in most every other sense they were “incapable of performing civil acts” and considered “things, not persons.” — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 845

Categorization

• DEFINE: The Alabama ruling is a precise articulation of the ‘foundational not peripheral’ regime: humanity conceded only in the space of criminal liability.