Slavery did not end but evolved through later coercive labor systems

Evidence

Mike was most excited about telling the history of slavery in a way that proved its relevance today: how it did not end but it evolved to sharecropping, then convict leasing, debt peonage laws, vagrancy laws, Jim Crow, mass incarceration, and racial profiling today. — Tamara Lanier, From These Roots, 800

Categorization

• XREF: This is the standard Black reconstruction-to-mass-incarceration lineage (cf. Michelle Alexander, Khalil Muhammad); the case framing uses it as legal narrative rather than pure history. — connects to: American territorial expansion, slavery, and cotton drove the Industrial Revolution symbiotically — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 199; Traditional African slavery was often time-limited and permitted full social integration — Rebecca A. Martusewicz, Jeff Edmundson, and John Lupinacci, EcoJustice Education: Toward Diverse,…, 1133
• QUESTION: The legal team’s evidentiary use of this continuum — demonstrating the afterlife of slavery as a doctrinal matter — is worth pinning down precisely.