Slave descendants were excluded from Egyptian and Sudanese nationalisms alike

Evidence

The carefully crafted speeches of speakers like Lutfï al-Sayyid included all Nile Valley inhabitants in the nationalist movement yet excluded those people who had been born and raised in Egypt but enjoyed little political or cultural status because their parents had been Sudanese slaves—people for whom identification as an “Egyptian” or as a “Sudanese” raised more questions than answers. Many who considered themselves part of a majority— nationalists in Egypt, tarïqa (Sufi lodges) leaders in the Sudan, and British administrators—were unable to consider manumitted slaves or their descendants as legitimate nationalist spokesmen for Egypt or for the Sudan. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 783

Categorization

• XREF: Parallels the bandung literature the reader knows on how postcolonial national identity built on internal exclusions. — connects to: Third World Literature excluded descendants of slavery, attracting only immigrant minorities — Aijaz Ahmad, In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures, 341