Sine waves are fully described by amplitude, frequency, and phase

Evidence

Sine waves have three parameters: their amplitude, their rate of rotation or frequency and their starting position or phase. The frequency used to be expressed in units of cycles per second, reflecting the origin of the waveform, but it is now measured in the equivalent units of hertz (Hz). This type of excitation generates a traveling sine wave disturbance down the model, where the compressions and rarefactions are periodic. Because the sine wave propagates at a given velocity, a length can be assigned to the distance between the repeats of the compressions or rarefactions, as shown in Figure 1.7. Furthermore, because the velocity is constant, the distance between these repeats will be inversely proportional to the rate 0 10 Hz 100 Hz 1 kHz 10 kHz Frequency in Hz FIGURE 1. — David M. Howard, Jamie Angus, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics, 136

Sine waves have three parameters: their amplitude, rate of rotation or frequency, and their starting position or phase. The frequency used to be expressed in units of cycles per second, reflecting the origin of the wave­ form, but it is now measured in the equivalent units of hertz (Hz). — David Howard, Jamie Angus, coustics and Psychoacoustics, 118

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines the three sine wave parameters and the hertz unit shift from cycles per second.
• corroborated: 5 independent passages support this claim — David M. Howard, Jamie Angus, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics, 136; David Howard, Jamie Angus, coustics and Psychoacoustics, 118
• XREF: connects to: Sinusoidal vibration is the fundamental atom of all sound; Any waveform can be approximated by summing orthogonal sine waves — David M. Howard, Jamie Angus, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics, 440; Superposition lets complex waveforms be solved as sums of sine wave solutions — David Howard, Jamie Angus, coustics and Psychoacoustics, 439 (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• Any waveform can be approximated by summing orthogonal sine waves #expands (0.90) — David M. Howard, Jamie Angus, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics, 440
• Superposition lets complex waveforms be solved as sums of sine wave solutions #expands (0.88) — David Howard, Jamie Angus, coustics and Psychoacoustics, 439
• Any complex waveform can be built from independent orthogonal sine waves #expands (0.88)
• A hypothetical compound tuning fork illustrates how complex vibrations decompose into sine waves #exemplifies (0.85)
• Accurate square waves require infinitely many harmonics #expands (0.80)
• Pitch, though subjective, is measurable in Hz by matching against a sine wave #corroborates (0.75) — David M. Howard, Jamie Angus, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics, 827