Shylock embodies enmity defined by religion rather than politics.

Evidence

Shylock is a theological enemy. He is “the Jew Shylock,” the “mere enemy” (MV, 3.2.260), that is to say, the absolute enemy, who hates and is hated on the explicit basis of his religion. And if he does lend the money, as Antonio calls on him to do, it is not “as to thy friends,” but rather “as to thine enemy” (MV, 1.3.129-31). — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab, 538

Categorization

• DEFINE: Distinguishes the theological enemy (hated for religion) from the political enemy (hated for war or state), a key conceptual contrast for the chapter.