Shadow banking doubles in size despite causing the 2008 crisis

Evidence

Non-bank financial intermediaries that participate in lending and investment but are subject to minimal regulatory oversight, in comparison to traditional banks. Examples of shadow banking include hedge funds, private equity firms, and investment banks. Despite their prominent role in the global financial crisis of 2007–8, shadow banking continues to avoid regulation and continues to grow, more than doubling its total assets to over $200 trillion. Also known as alternative investments. — Andrew deWaard, Derivative Media, 493

Categorization

• QUESTION: Why has shadow banking grown past $200 trillion despite its crisis role — worth pursuing what regulatory gap lets it keep scaling.
• XREF: Connects to the reader’s private equity rollup tracing: PE firms are themselves shadow banks buying culture-bearing companies with opaque leverage.