Secrecy replaced open debate once open debate failed a reformer

Evidence

But free and open debate had not made his dreams come true. Instead, politicians had crushed them. And now he was going to make sure that, with the exception of Al Smith and Belle Moskowitz, no one—not citizenry, not press, not Legislature—was going to know what was in the bills dealing with parks that the Legislature was going to pass. The best bill drafter in Albany set to work. — Robert A. Caro, The Power Broker, 771

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Quiet private leverage outperformed public denunciation in achieving reform — Robert A. Caro, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the…, 395; Officials can blur their lawbreaking by focusing public attention on popular ends — Robert A. Caro, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the…, 958; Concealed deliberation can produce better judgments than open debate

Broader Connections

• Concealed deliberation can produce better judgments than open debate #corroborates (0.85)