Scientific projects are always part of larger social projects rather than separate from them

Evidence

Third, these accounts challenge the very ways science is defined in the conventional accounts. They challenge the value of contrasting real, modern, European sciences with ethnoscience traditions, of regarding science and technology as mutually exclusive categories, and of excluding scientific institutions, their cultures and practices from what we count as real science. These accounts show how sciences and their societies coconstitute each other in important ways: scientific projects are always part of larger social projects; “the social” permeates how sciences think about “the natural” (and vice versa). — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1599

Categorization

• DEFINE: Clarifies the coconstitution thesis: the social and natural are mutually permeating in science, not separate domains.
• XREF: connects to: Scientific observation always occurs from within a specific social universe of discourse. — Herbert Marcuse, One-Dimensional Man: Studies in the…, 584; The basis-problem dissolves when research is seen as socially institutionalized labour — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 2420; Institute research projects often served tactical legitimacy-building aims rather than pure science — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 688 (+2 more)