Schooling’s income payoff is twice as high for white males

Evidence

Bluestone’s data on the determinants of hourly earnings indicate that this is precisely the case: The economic return to schooling is twice as high for white males as for blacks or females. — Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, Schooling in Capitalist America, 923

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Primary and secondary labor markets differ in wages, stability, and credential value — Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, Schooling in Capitalist America:…, 672; Employers exploit society’s broader prejudices as a free labor-control resource — Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis, Schooling in Capitalist America:…, 916; Schooling mainly raises earnings by securing year-round employment for marginalized workers (+1 more)

Broader Connections

• Equating equal income with equal circumstances hides the joint return’s racial bias #expands (0.75) — Dorothy A. Brown, The Whiteness of Wealth, 41