Russia’s disinformation strategy amplifies existing chaos rather than broadcasting propaganda.

Evidence

Surkov’s strategy relied on digital platform botnets not to control the flow of information but to amplify the chaotic complexity that already existed within the network; not solely to pollute information space, but to deliberately exacerbate the prevalent state of collective suspense, fostered by the speculative technologies I analyzed in part 2. — Aris Komporozos-Athanasiou, Speculative Communities, 256

Categorization

• XREF: Reverses the standard ‘disinformation = lies’ model toward a speculation/volatility model — directly parallel to the reader’s financialized-populism thesis.
• SEED: Contrast Surkov’s chaos-amplification strategy against liberal assumptions that propaganda controls belief; an essay could unpack why botnets target suspense rather than narrative.