Royal judges unified English legal procedure by the thirteenth century

Evidence

The Development of the Common Law The Norman conquest of England in 1066 under William the Conqueror laid the groundwork for the development of the common law. To extend royal authority over their dominion, King William’s successors created permanent courts, staffed by judges appointed by the king, to administer the law of the realm. From the twelfth century onward, the English monarchs also dispatched “traveling justices” to rule in the king’s name in the county courts. By the thirteenth century, the kings had succeeded in establishing a common set of legal procedures and legal standards throughout England. — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 107

Categorization

• XREF: Roots of common law in centralized royal authority connect to later material on judicial independence and the institutional position of judges in the course. — connects to: Post-1066 English kings built unified royal courts to extend central authority. — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 132; English nobility saw universal laws as the guarantee of their own liberty — Georg Simmel, The Sociology of Georg Simmel, 5133; Royal writs defined which disputes the King’s courts would hear — Henry M. Hart, Jr. and Albert M. Sacks, The Legal Process: Basic Problems in…, 1458 (+3 more)

Broader Connections

• Royal writs defined which disputes the King’s courts would hear #expands (0.85) — Henry M. Hart, Jr. and Albert M. Sacks, The Legal Process, 1458
• Judge-made common law originated as customary unwritten law. #qualifies (0.80) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 133
• Common-law systems share features derived from English law and practice. #expands (0.78) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 106
• American courts inherited common-law rulemaking and thus judges make law #corroborates (0.75) — G. Alan Tarr, Judicial Process and Judicial…, 138
• English nobility saw universal laws as the guarantee of their own liberty #complicates (0.72) — Georg Simmel, The Sociology of Georg Simmel, 5133